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Expectations and self-focused attention in sport performance anxiety
Author: Braddock, Autumn Elisabeth
Abstract:
Similarities in symptom presentation between nongeneralized social phobia and performance anxiety have been noted (Powell, 2004), yet research on sport performance anxiety has neglected to incorporate findings from the well-developed social phobia literature. Accordingly, a new conceptual approach to understanding sport performance anxiety was proposed in the present study, integrating theory from social phobia (Rapee & Heimberg, 1997) and revealing two shared constructs: expectations and self-focused attention. An experimental manipulation was conducted where subjective, physiological, and behavioral data were collected on 183 recreational basketball players while completing a basketball shooting task. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups according to a 2 x 2 between-subjects factorial design: (1) inductions of self-focused attention, (2) inductions designed to increase the discrepancy between perceived audience expectations and personal abilities, (3) both inductions, or (4) neither induction. It was hypothesized that participants experiencing self-focused attention and elevated performance expectancies would have greater performance decrements, subjective anxiety, and physiological arousal compared to the other groups. Results revealed sex as a moderator of performance effects under conditions designed to increase the discrepancy between perceived audience expectancies and personal abilities, with females performing significantly worse than their male counterparts and other females exposed to both inductions of self-focused attention and elevated performance expectations. The findings were not due to baseline trait differences, nor could they be explained by level of subjective anxiety or physiological arousal. Secondary analyses revealed that self-efficacy predicted performance and fear of negative evaluation predicted greater state sport anxiety. The latter finding supports the notion that sport performance anxiety and social phobia share common symptomology. The sex differences are discussed as a function of self-efficacy, with the self-focused induction potentially serving as a cognitive preparation or modeling exercise providing a buffer to the performance decrements associated with the increased audience expectations. Limitations and implications are discussed.
Subject: Psychotherapy
Classification: 0622: Psychotherapy
Identifier / keyword: Psychology, Expectations, Self-focused, Attention, Sport, Performance anxiety
Pages: 189 p.
Number of pages: 189
Publication year: 2005
Degree date: 2005
School code: 0031
Source: DAI-B 66/10, Apr 2006
Place of publication: Ann Arbor
Country of publication: United States
ISBN: 9780542345449, 0542345447
Advisor: Craske, Michelle G
University/institution: University of California, Los Angeles
University location: United States -- California
Degree: Ph.D.
Source type: Dissertations & Theses
Language: English
Document type: Dissertation/Thesis
Dissertation/thesis number: 3190672
ProQuest document ID: 305001176
Copyright: Copyright UMI - Dissertations Publishing 2005
Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A & I; ProQuest Psychology Journals
Bibliography
Citation style: APA6
Braddock, A. E. (2005). Expectations and self-focused attention in sport performance anxiety. (3190672, University of California, Los Angeles). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, , 189-189 p. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/305001176?accountid=47900. (305001176).
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